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}} |transcription_name = ''Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì'' |legislature = 12th National People's Congress |coa_pic = National Emblem of the People's Republic of China.svg |coa_res = 130px |house_type = Unicameral |leader1_type = Chairman |leader1 = Zhang Dejiang |leader2_type = 1st Vice Chairman |leader2 = Li Jianguo |leader3_type = Secretary-General |leader3 = Wang Chen |election1 = 14 March 2013 |party1 = CPC |members = 2,987 |last_election1 = March 5–17, 2013 1st Plenary Session |structure1 = 12th National People's Congress (NPC).svg |structure1_res = 250px |political_groups1 = * CPC (2157) * United Front (830) |committees1 = |session_room = GreatHall auditorium.jpg |session_res = 250px |meeting_place = Great Hall of the People, Beijing |website = (npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/ ) |footnotes = }} The National People's Congress (usually abbreviated NPC) is the national legislature of the People's Republic of China. With 2,987 members in 2013, it is the largest parliamentary body in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】IPU PARLINE Database: General Information )〕 Under China's current Constitution, the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature, with the power to legislate, the power to oversee the operations of the government, and the power to elect the major officers of state. The NPC and the National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various social groups, are the main deliberative bodies of China, and are often referred to as the Lianghui (Two Assemblies). The NPC is elected for a term of five years. It holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The NPC's sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the CPPCC, and these annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation. The 2014 NPC annual session was held on March 5, 2014. In theory, the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China, and all four PRC constitutions have vested it with great lawmaking powers. Since the 1990s, the NPC has become a forum for mediating policy differences between different parts of the Party, the government, and groups of society. However, it is still reckoned as a rubber-stamp for decisions already made by the state's executive organs and the Communist Party of China.〔("How China is Ruled: National People's Congress ), BBC, Country Profile: China〕 One of its members, Hu Xiaoyan, told the BBC in 2009 that she has no power to help her constituents. She was quoted as saying, "As a parliamentary representative, I don't have any real power."〔Bristow, Michael, ("Chinese delegate has 'no power'" ), BBC News, Beijing, Wednesday, 4 March 2009〕 ==Powers and duties== The NPC has a collection of functions and powers, including electing the President of the People's Republic of China and approving the appointment of the Premier of the State Council as well as approving the work reports of top officials. The constitution of the National People's Congress provides for most of its power to be exercised on a day-to-day basis by its Standing Committee. The drafting process of NPC legislation is governed by the ''Organic Law of the NPC'' (1982) and the ''NPC Procedural Rules'' (1989). It begins with a small group, often of outside experts, who begin a draft. Over time, this draft is considered by larger and larger groups, with an attempt made to maintain consensus at each step of the process. By the time the full NPC or NPCSC meets to consider the legislation, the major substantive elements of the draft legislation have largely been agreed to. However, minor wording changes to the draft are often made at this stage. The process ends with a formal vote by the Standing Committee of the NPC or by the NPC in a plenary session. The NPC mainly exists to give legal sanction to decisions already made at the highest levels of the government. However, it is not completely without influence. It functions as a forum in which legislative proposals are drafted and debated with input from different parts of the government and outside technical experts. However, there are a wide range of issues for which there is no consensus within the Party and over which different parts of the party or government have different opinions. Over these issues the NPC has often become a forum for debating ideas and for achieving consensus. In practice, although the final votes on laws of the NPC often return a high affirmative vote, a great deal of legislative activity occurs in determining the content of the legislation to be voted on. A major bill such as the Securities Law can take years to draft, and a bill sometimes will not be put before a final vote if there is significant opposition to the measure.〔()〕 With respect to proposals by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, the NPC has rejected a bill on maritime safety, and it is no longer uncommon for the State Council to amend or withdraw a bill on account of NPC opposition as with the case of the fuel tax〔()〕 and the draft food safety law which have been repeatedly blocked by the NPC. One important constitutional principle which is stated in Article 8 of the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China is that an action can become a crime only as a consequence of a law passed by the full NPC and that other organs of the Chinese government do not have the power to criminalize activity. This principle was used to overturn police regulations on custody and repatriation and has been used to call into question the legality of re-education through labor.In practice, there is no mechanism to verify constitutionality of statue laws, meaning that local administrations could bypass the constitution through Administrative laws. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National People's Congress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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